Verb -Kriya And Modals

Verb -Kriya And Modals 

Verb - A verb is a word that tells us what a person, animal or thing is doing. Verbs show action, so they are also called action words. Some verbs does not show action and indicates existence or state of being like appear, seem etc. Every sentence must have a verb. 

Kriya – Kriya vaha shabd hai jo yaha batata hai ki karta (vyakti, vastu ya janvwar) kya kar raha hai. – Jaisay - Kapil kela kha raha hai (khana kriya hai jo batata hai ki kapil kya kar raha hai). Hindi main verb kay ant main ‘na’ aata hai Jaisay likhna, padhna, kudna ityaadi. Kuchh kriya shabdo main action nahi hota apitu kisi 'sthiti' ya 'hona' aadi kay baray main batatay hai – Jaisay mahsoos hona, astitve hona aadi. 

Example: write, speak, read, fight, learn, come, go, seem, feel, etc.
He speaks very slow - (action verb – speak)
I learn English daily – (action verb – learn)
She resembles her mother – (state verb – resembles)
It appears that you have lost your ring – (state verb – appears, action verb – lost)

Transitive Verb 

A verb which requires an object in sentence to convey complete meaning is a Transitive Verb. In the absence of object, subject does not convey complete meaning. 

Vaha kriya jisay vakya main puray arth ko vyakt karnay kay liye object ki jaroorat hoti hai, Transitive verb kehlati hai. 

Example: Sarita wrote "______".
Without an object the verb “wrote" does not give complete meaning. If we mention object in the sentence –Sarita wrote a letter or her name – makes it more meaningful.

More Example: (1)She is eating an apple. (2) He has understood the lesson. (3) He bought a new mobile phone for his mother. (4) He kicked the football. (5) Akash has completed his homework. (6) Sarita is giving her toys to Vartika.

Intransitive Verb 

A verb which does not require an object in sentence is an Intransitive verb. Intransitive verb can give complete meaning without an object in sentence for it.

Vaha kriya jisay vakya main puray arth ko vyakt karnay kay liye object ki jaroorat nahi padti, Intransitive verb kehlati hai. 

Example: (1) Kanika is not weeping. (2) She is laughing. (3) It has rained. (4) The Sun shines. (5) Birds chirp in the morning. (6) It is burning. 

Main Verbs – Main verb has major meaning in the sentence i.e. sleep, make, buy, finish, complete etc.

Mukhya Kriya - Vakya ka mukhya arth main verb batata hai – Jaisay – rona, banana, kharidna, pura karna, ityaadi. 

Helping Verbs –

It support the main verb to form the structure of sentence as per specific tense i.e. is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, will, shall etc. Helping verb indicates the tense of the sentence. 

Sahayak Kriya – Yaha vakya kee mukhya kriya ko nishchit samay kaal ke anusaar vakya bananay main sahayak hoti hai. 

Sentence	Vakya	Main Verb	Helping Verb
I am driving a car.	Main car drive kar rahi hoon.	driving	am - indicate present tense
She is sleeping.	Vaha so rahi hai.	sleeping	Is – indicate it a present tense.
They were singing a song	Vey gana ga rahay thay.	singing	were - indicate it a past tense
You will qualify the examination.	Tum parksha main paas ho jaogay.	qualify	will - indicate it a future tense
She has reached her destination	Vaha apni manjil par pahunch chuki hai.	reached	has - indicate present perfect tense

Form of Verbs. 

Verb has three forms - (1) Base form - Ist Form (2) Past Simple - 2nd Form (3) Past participle - 3rd Form

For example, Break – broke – broken. “Break" is base form, “broke" is past simple form, and “broken" is past participle form. These three forms may also be named as 1st form, 2nd form and 3rd form of verb. 

Verb ki teen form hoti hai. Jaisay verb todna ki teen form is prakar hai - (1) Ist form – Todta hai (2) 2nd Form – Toda (3) 3rd Form – Toda tha. 

Meaning	Base form - Ist Form	Past simple - 2nd Form	Past Participle - 3rd form
agya dena	agya deta hai	agya dee	agya dee thee.
agya dena	allow	allowed	allowed
hona	be	was, were	been
arambh karna	begin	began	begun
todna	break	broke	broken
lana	bring	brought	brought
aana	come	came	come
swapn dekhna	dream	dreamed/dream t	dreamed/dream t
peena	drink	drank	drunk
chalana	drive	drove	driven
ladna	fight	fought	fought
seekhna	learn	learned/learnt	learned/learnt
chhodna	leave	left	left
banana	make	made	made
milna	meet	met	met
sona	sleep	slept	slept
dikhana	show	showed	showed/shown
sikudna	shrink	shrank	shrunk
chori karna	steal	stole	stolen

Regular Verbs - Irregular Verbs 

On the basis of forming base form of verb to past simple (2nd form) and past participle (3rd form), verb is divided into two type – Regular Verbs and Irregular Verbs. 

Regular Verbs : The Verbs which form their past simple and past participle by adding “-ed" to their base form are called regular verbs, for example work – worked - worked, allow – allowed - allowed, play – played – played.

Irregular Verbs : The Verbs which form their past simple and past participle in different ways, for example, steal – stole – stolen, sleep – slept – slept, fight – fought - fought. 

Verb ko second form aur third form main parivartit karnay kay adhaar par verb ko do bhago main bata jata hai - Regular Verb aur Irregular Verb.

Jin verb kay pichay '-ed' laga kar uski form badli ja sakti hai vaha Regular Verb hai aur jin verb ki form alag tareekay sey badli jata hai vaha Irregular Verb hai. 

Modal Verbs 

Modal verbs are used to express ability, possibility, intention or necessity. It can be used as helping verb with main verb 

Rupatmak kriya - Sambhavana, itchha, samarthyata, jaroorat aadi ko vyakt karnay main istemaal hoti hai. Yaha mukhya verb kay saath sahayak verb kay taur par istemaal ho sakti hai. 

Modals-are: 

*Can,could (ability)

*May might (possibility)

*Will,shall,would (intention)

*Should (necessity-optional)

*Must (necessity-abitcompulsion)

*Ought to (should-moralduty)

Examples: 

I can climb on the hill.

Main pahad par chad sakta hoon.

He may come at any time.

Vaha kisi bhi samay aa sakta hai.