Kinds of Sentences - Vakyo ka prakaar

Kinds of Sentences - Vakyo ka prakaar 

Sentences are of four kinds: 

Vakya char prakaar kay hotey hotay hai. 

Assertive or Declarative Sentences

A sentence that makes a statement or assertion is called an assertive or declarative sentence.

Examples Ram is singing a song. 
He is a doctor. 

Kathanvachak Vakya

Vaha vakya jismay koi kathan ho ya jo varnan ya vyakhyan karay, Kathanvachak vakya,kehlata,hai. 
Udaharan 
Ram gana gaa raha hai.
Vaha doctor hai. 

Interrogative Sentence

A sentence that asks a question is called an interrogative sentence. Interrogative sentence ends with question mark(?).

Examples What is your name?
Do you love action movies? 

Prashnavachak Vakya

Vaha vakya jo prashna karay, Prashnavachak vakya kehlata hai. 


Udaharan 
Kya naam hai tumhara?
Kya tumhay maar-dhad wali filmay pasand hai? 

Imperative Sentence

A sentence that expresses a command or request is called an imperative sentence. Imperative sentences are addressed without naming the subject. Hence subject is left out from the sentence.

Examples Sit Down. 
Always obey your parents.

Aadeshatmak Vakya

Vaha vakya jo aadesh, updesh ya nivedan karay, Aadeshatmak vakya kehlata hai. 


Udaharan 
Baith jao.
Hamesha apnay Mata-Pita ka kehna mano. 

Exclamatory Sentence 

A sentence that expresses strong feeling or emotions is called an exclamatory sentence. Exclamatory sentence ends with exclamation mark(!).

Examples Hurrah! India won the match!
Alas! Ruby lost her mother! 

Vismayadibodhak Vakya

Vaha vakya jo achanak ya gehari bhavna ki abhivyakti karay, Vismayadibodhak vakya kehlata hai. 


Udaharan 
Vah-Vah! India match jeet gaya.
Oh(haai)! Ram nay apni mata ko kho diya. 

Conjuctions - Samuchhyabodhak

Conjunctions - Samuchhyabodhak 

Conjunctions are the words that join and link two or more sentences together or two parts of a sentence. 

Samauchhyabodhak shabd do vakyo ko ya vakyo kay do bhag ko jodta hai 

Common Conjunctions are - and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so, although, because, since, unless, when, while, where etc. 

Example: He is sitting at the dining table but he is not eating.The conjunction "but" joins two sentences 

(1) She is sitting at the dining table. 

(2) She is not eating. 

Vaha khanay ki table par baitha hai parantu khnana nahi kha raha hai. (Samuchhayabodhak shabd "parantu/but" do vakyo ko jod raha hai -(1) vaha khanay ki table par baitha hai. (2) vaha khana nahi kha raha hai.) 

Types of Conjunctions 

There are mainly two types of Conjunctions 

1-Coordinating Conjunction 
2-Subordinate Conjunction

Coordinating Conjunctions 

Coordinating conjunctions are used when we want to join two equal parts of a sentence. These parts are similar in importance and level in our speech. 

Example And , Now ,But , Still , So , Only , Therefore , For , However , Hence , Either...or... Neither... nor... , Both... and , While , Then 

Example: 

1-He has applied for a job therefore he has joined coaching class. 

2-I requested him but he did not give his pen.

3-Everyone has finished their lunch hence they are going to sleep.

1-Usnay nokri kay liye avedan kiya hai isliye usnay coaching class join kee hai.

2-Mainay ussay request kee parantu usnay apna pen nahi diya.

3-Har ek nay apna lunch khatam kar liya isliye vey sonay ja rahey hai.

Subordinate Conjunctions 

Subordinate conjunctions join subordinate clause with main clause of the sentence. Subordinate clause is a combination of words which requires main clause to complete the meaning and sentence. 

Example if, before, how, once, since, till, until, when, where, whether, while, after, although, because, how, provided that, as soon as, even if, 

Example: 

1-Please complete your homework before your papa comes.

2-Please inform me as soon as he reaches.

3-He will go to London if he gets Visa.

 1-Tumharay papa kay aanay sey pehlay, apna homework pura kar lo.

 2-Kripaya jaisay he vaha aaye, mujhay suchit karey.

 3-Vaha London jayega agar usay Visa mil jaaye.

Adverb - Kriya-Visheshan

   Adverb - Kriya-Visheshan                                                                             

An Adverb modifies a verb or an adjective or another adverb. It describes how,

where, when, how often and why something happens. 

Example: The cat climbed quickly on the table.

The word 'quickly' is an adverb which gives more information about verb 'climbed'. The 

adverb 'quickly' tells that cat climbed at once without delay.

Kriya-visheshan verb ya adjective ya dusray adverb kee visheshta batata hai. Yaha 

vyakhya 

karta hai kee kaisay, kahan, kab, kitni-bar aur kyon kuch hota hai.

Udaharan : Billi jaldi sey table par chadh gai.

Shabd 'quickly-jaldi sey' chadhnay kee visheshta batata hai kee billi bina samay ganwaye 

table par jaldi sey chadh gai.

More Examples:

Sentence	Vakya	Adverb
Please try again.	Dobara koshish kijiye.	again
He rises early in the morning.	Vaha subah jaldi uthta hai.	early
She sings delightfully.	Vaha khushi sey gati hai.	delightfully
Don't go far.	Door mat jao.	far
Shivaji fought bravely.	Shivaji bahaduri kay saath laday.	bravely
I am fully prepared.	Main puri tarah tayyar hoon.	fully

Adverbs modifying the Adjectives - (1) It is really a good time of us.

(2) My boss is really good.

 (3) My son-in-law is really handsome.

Adverbs modifying another Adverbs -(1) He drives very fast. 

(2) He managed very quickly. 

(3) She speaks very softly.

 Adverbs Formation 

Generally adverbs are formed by adding : '-ly', by changing '-e' to '-y', '-y' to '-ily', '-ic' to '-ically' in the last of the Adjectives. There are many exceptions.

beautiful>=beautifully
slow>=slowly
serious>=seriously
careless>=carelessly
reliable>=reliably
happy>=happily
logic>=logically
economic >= economically

Adjective-Visheshan

Adjective-Visheshan 

An Adjective modifies a noun. It describes the quality, state, size, color, quantity, characteristic, action, etc of a noun or pronoun. 

Example: smart boy, beautiful girl, black dog, strong base, good advice. Words 'smart', 'beautiful', 'black', 'strong', 'good' are Adjectives and give more information/description about noun. 

Visheshan sangya ki visheshta batata hai. Yaha noun/pronoun kee vishesta, sthiti, size, rang, charitra ityaadi sabhi kay baray main batata hai.

Udaharan : smart ladka, sundar ladki, kala kutta, majboot adhaar, atchhi salah. Shabd 'smart', 'sundar', 'kala', 'majboot', 'atchhi' visheshan hai jo noun kay baray main jyada suchna/vivran detay hai. 

More than one Adjective can also be used for a single noun or pronoun in one sentence.

Example :
Good airline employs tall air hostesses.
Good airline employs tall and smart air hostesses.
Good airline employs tall, smart and intelligent air hostesses.

Ek sey jyada visheshan ek hi vakya main ek hi noun kay saath aa saktay hai.
Udaharan :
Atchhi airline lambi air hostesses ko niyukt karti hai.
Atchhi airline lambi aur sundar air hostesses ko niyukt karti hai.
Atchhi airline lambi, sundar aur budhhiman air hostesses ko niyukt karti hai.

Adjective Uses 

Adjective is used in sentence at two places depending upon the structure of sentence. 1. Before noun 2. After some verbs such as seem, look, feel etc) 

Adjective vakya main do jagah istemaal hota hai (1) Noun sey pehlay aur (2) Kuch verb sey pehlay.

Examples of Adjectives before noun 

Sentence	Vakya	Adjective
Avyan is an intelligent boy.	Avyan is an intelligent boy.	intelligent
Symptom of Degue fever is high fever.	Symptom of Dengue fever is high fever.	high
Every dog has his day	Every dog has his day	every
Vartika won the first prize.	Vartika won the first prize.	first

Examples of Adjectives after some verbs

Sentence	Vakya	Adjective
It appears difficult.	Yaha mushkil lagta hai.	difficult
Food in your marriage was delicious.	Tumhari shaadi main khana tasty tha.	delicious
Mothers should not become angry on kids.	Matao ko bachho par gussa nahi hona chahiye.	angry

Interjection - Vismayadibodhak

Interjection - Vismayadibodhak 

Interjections are short words which express sudden and/or strong feeling. Exclamation sign " ! " is placed after Interjection words. 

Vismayadibodhak shabd achanak or majoot bhaavnao ko vyakt kartay hai. Vismayadibodhak chinh " ! " vismayadibodhak shabd kay baad lagaya jaata hai. 

Example: oh, ah, wow, hurrah, alas, ouch, Oops, aha, hey, etc.

Example: 
Hurrah! India has won the match.
Alas! His father is dead.
Ouch! You are hurting me.
Oh! I forgot your name.

Udaharan: 
Hurrah! India nay match jeet liya.
Alas! Usay pitaji mar gaye hai.
Ouch! Tum mujhay chot pahuncha rahay ho.
Oh! Main tumhara naam bhool gaya.

Normal word can also be used as Interjection for expressing feeling or emotion by putting exclamation sign " ! " after it.

Example: No! Don't touch the iron, it's hot.
Help! I am sinking. 

list of Exclamatory words: 

Word	Meaning	Sentence
aah!	Fright	Aah! This shoe is hurting me.
boo!	Contempt	Boo! Stop the drama.
eek!	Surprised, scream	eek! A cockroach.
hmm!	Hesitation	Hmm! I'm not sure about it.
hurrah!	joy	Hurrah, we won!
nah!	no	Do you want more drink? Nah! I'm OK.
oh!	I see	Oh! You wanted to sit with him.
ooh!	Wonderful	Ooh! it's lovely.
oops!	Surprise on acknowledging mistake, error	Oops! I parked my car at your parking.
ouch!	pain	Ouch! It is hurting my finger.
wow!	Impressed, astonished	Wow! that's incredible.
yeah!	Yes	Yeah! Kick his butt!
Alas!	sorrow	Alas! He lost everything in the gamble.

Pronoun -Sarvnaam

Pronoun -Sarvnaam 

Pronouns - A pronoun is a word that is used in place of nouns . Pronoun means ‘for a noun’.

Sarvnaam – Sangya kay sthan par prayog honay wala shabd sarvnaam hai. Sarvnaam ka matlab ‘sangya kay liye’.

Example: Avyan is also a member of the Jury.
So, he is also responsible for the Judgement.

In the first sentence the word ‘Avyan’ is the name of a person. So Avyan is a noun. When we write about the same person in the following sentence, we use the word ‘He’ in place of Avyan. ‘He’ is a pronoun. 

Pehlay vakya main Avyan vyakti ka naam hai. Avyan Sangya hai. Udaharan main jab dusray vakya main Avyan kay baray main kaha gaya hai, tab Avyan kay liye ‘Vaha’ shabd ka prayog hua hai. ‘Vaha’ sarvnaam hai.

Example: Jaipur is a pink city. It has many tourist places.
In these sentences, Jaipur is a noun. It is a pronoun. 

Rules for Pronouns 

A pronoun must agree with the noun it represents. If the noun is singular, the pronoun must be singular; if the noun is plural, the pronoun must be plural and if the noun is feminine, the pronoun must be feminine .

Sangya agar singular hai to sarnaam singular hona chahiye, sangya agar plural hai to sarvnaam plural hona chahiye aur sangya agar istriling hai to sarnaam bhi striling hona chahiye.

Example:
Dog was barking. It was black.
Dogs were barking at night. They were also black. 

Types of Pronouns

There are eight types of Pronouns. Brief description of each type of pronoun is given in the table given below:

Sarvnaam aath prakar kay hotay hai. Sabhi sarvnaam ka sankship vivran nichay table main diya gaya hai. 

Type	Brief description	Sankshipt vivran	Pronouns
Personal  Pronoun	Describes a particular person or thing or group.	Vyakti, vastu kay baray main batata hai.	I, you, he, she, it, we and they.
Possessive  Pronoun	Indicates close possession or ownership or relationship of a thing/person to another thing/person.	Vyakti/vastu ka doosray vyakti/vastu kay beech ka sambandh batata hai.	mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.
Reflexive  Pronoun	Describes noun when subject's action turns back upon the subject itself. Reflexive pronouns always act as objects not subjects, and they require an interaction between the subject and an object.	Subject kay khud ka prabhav khud par batata hai.	himself, yourself, herself, ourselves, themselves, itself.
Demonstrative  Pronoun	Points out to a person, place, or thing.	Kisi vyakti, vastu, sthan ko ingit karta hai.	this, that, these, those.
Relative  pronoun	Describes a noun which is mentioned before and more information is to be given about it. It joins relative clause and relative sentence. It does double work - the work of a pronoun and also the work of a conjunction.	Vakya main pehlay aaye huay noun kay baray main batata hai or pahlay or dusray vakya ko jodta hai.	who, whose, which, that, etc..
Interrogative    Pronoun	Is used to ask a question.	Prashna puchhta hai.	who, what, where, which, whose, whom.
Indefinite        Pronoun	Refer to persons or things in general.	Vastu/sthan ko sadharantaya batata hai	One, many, all, some, somebody, someone, few, many, others, nobody, everybody etc
Distributive  Pronoun	Used to indicate all the members of the representative group.	Group kay sabhi sadasyo ko ek saath ingit karta hai.	Each, everyone, either and neither